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BUILDING SIMULATION, 1., 1985, Seattle. Anais... 1985. 6 p.
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Abstract

Energy simulations of an 11,000 square foot Army administration building to be constructed in Kansas were used to determine the most cost effective design alternatives. The energy savings were determined by simulating the building using the Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) energy analysis program and the CEL-1 lighting program. This study was used to determine the cost effectiveness of using energy analysis programs to evaluate design alternatives. A site-adapted standard design for a battalion headquarters and classroom. building was used to determine the energy savings and life-cycle savings of several design alternatives. Envelope alternatives included daylighting control, increased glazing, increased insulation, and reorientation. Four mechanical system types were considered to reduce the annual energy cost: multizone, dual duct variable volume (30% minimum air fraction), dual duct variable volume (20% minimum air fraction), and single duct variable volume. For each of these system types, a variety of additional options were evaluated including return air and enthalpy economy cycles, outside air controlled deck temperatures, zone controlled deck temperatures, and fixed deck temperatures. Both the variation in operating cost and the variation in life-cycle cost were calculated. Of the envelope alternatives, only reorientation of the building saved both operating cost and total life-cycle cost. Several other alternatives reduced operating cost but increased the total life-cycle cost. The variable volume fan systems reduced operating costs, but some increased life-cycle cost at the same time. The most effective alternatives were variable volume fan systems without expensive controllers. This is due primarily to high initial costs and relatively low fuel costs for the location; the first cost could not be recovered in energy cost saved. This investigation also showed that if input models for energy analysis models are ordinarily created in the course of project design, as is true for Army designs, these models can be used to identify design alternatives which significantly reduce energy and total life-cycle costs at small expense. If the models do not already exist, the expense of developing the model solely for the evaluation of design alternatives may not be recovered in saved energy cost.
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