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SANTOS, Jorge Luiz Sant Anna dos. Relações de gênero e processo de trabalho: desnaturalizando a restrição que opõe mulheres e canteiro de obras. 208pDissertação (Pós-graduação em Planejamento Urbano e Regional) - Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano e Regional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro,1993.
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Resumo

O estudo se propõe a focalizar a ingressa de grupos de mulheres no universo da construção habitacional uma atividade da qual estão excluídas na mercado de trabalho, a partir da sua mobi1ização para programar, alternativos de habitação popular. Busca realizar uma investigação em torno do desenvolvimento de dois desses projetos, que culminaram com a movimentação diária das mulheres pelo espaço cios canteiros de obras. Apoiada no conceito de relações sociais de gênero, uma espécie de centra de gravidade da análise empreendida, a pesquisa procurou ressaltar a natureza dos 1imites enfrentados por elas no trabalho da construção, sempre referenciados a uma divisão social e sexual do trabalho que instaura na sociedade lugares permitidos/vedados à atuação do gênero feminino.

Abstract

This thesis studies women's experiences in a space of activity which has been typically dominated by men: the world of construction works. In the last decade, dozens of women were mobi1ized to work side by side with their husbands, sons, and neighbors, in popular housing projects promoted either by the Brazi1ian government or by community organizations created to effect these projects. Although neither women nor men were qualified for this kind of work, their participation as voluntary workers was a condition to gain access to housing ownership, of which a large part of the Brazi1ian population has been excluded, especially in the last three decades. The study is based on field work. In-depth interviews were conducted by the author with men and women who participated in two popular housing projects: Marcílio Dias, carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, under the sponsorship of the National Housing Bank (BNH); and Vila Comunitária, in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, 1ocated in the Great São Paulo, which was implemented by the Community Association of Self-Help Construction. Both projects were carried out between 1985 and 1986. The analysis of these cases, which is based on the concept of gender social relations, seeks to highlight the nature of the constraints faced by women in construction works. These constraints are related to the sexual and social division of labor, which creates places and activities that are socially opened or closed to female participation. The use of the concept of gender social relations contributes to a better understanding of social processes, overcoming the limits of the classical concepts of the sociology of labor. The latter has not dared to discard the notion that the labor force is an indistinct category in terms of the Sex of its components. The study is not restricted to observing and analyzing women's participation in the construction process. It tries to understand the multiple relations connected to sexual differences. In the course of the experience of self-help construction ("multidões") pointing out the factors that account for the exclusion of women from construction works in the formal sector. However, it is recognized that these experiences differ sharply: the logic and the meaning that guide the subjects of "multidões" are different from the logic and the meaning of construction works in formal enterprises.
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