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Kalema, Timo. Optimisation of the thermal performance of buildings: the optix program. International Journal Of Low Energy And Sustainable Buildings, Stockholm, v. 2, p. 1-2, fev. 2001. ISSN 1403-2147.
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Abstract

An optimisation model, called OPTIX, is developed for optimising the energy economy of buildings. The model minimises the sum of energy costs and investment costs for thermal insulation of the building envelope and the heating and ventilating systems. The optimisation model is built in Microsoft Excel and uses its Solver for optimisation. The calculation of energy consumption is based on the new European standard, EN 832 Thermal performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for heating. Example calculations using Finnish weather data and energy prices for a new 150 m2 single-family house with three different heating systems (electric heating, oil heating and heat pump heating) are presented. The total costs for an optimal design of a new single-family house do not differ much from each other for the three heating systems studied. Usually a high price of produced heat can be compensated by lower equipment costs and a better thermal insulation of the envelope. With the higher electricity price used in calculations (night/day 530/820 FIM/MWh) the optimal insulation cost of the envelope is 20 % higher when electric heating is used compared to the situation that a ground-coupled heat pump is used. The optimal thermal transmittance (U-value) depends on the unit cost of insulation, on the energy price and on the interest rate. The optimal Uvalues are 0.13 – 0.25 W/(Km2) for exterior walls, 0.08 – 0.16 W/(Km2) for ceilings and 0.8 – 1.2 W/(Km2) for windows. The optimal annual space heating energy is 70 – 120 kWh/m2 and peak space heating effect 40 – 60 W/m2.
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