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Birrer, W. A. Economical energy efficient large scale office buildings. In: CONFERENCE ON PASSIVE AND LOW ENERGY ARCHITECTURE, 16., 1999, Brisbane. Anais... Brisbane: PLEA, 1999. p. 07-14.
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Abstract

The objective of this paper is to show that: Passive energy conservation strategies combined with active (mechanical) systems can be successfully applied to large office buildings; In a temperate climate this can be done for the same cost - or less - than the cost of a conventional air conditioned office building of similar size; The technical, environmental and user friendly benefits resulting from the above exceed those of conventional office buildings. To fully describe the implications of the above, resulting from over 25 years of personal research and construction experience would require a publication substantially beyond the limits set for this paper. It must suffice therefore to simply outline methods and results from examples constructed and occupied over the past 20 years, in this case, the three buildings of the 180 000 m2 Standard Bank Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, shown in Fig.1. The success of the first 54 000 m2 building, designed in 1978 and occupied in 1982 was followed by a second building of 96 000m2, completed in 1986. A third building of 30 000m² was completed in 1996. The design concept, technical and energy conservation strategies of the first building were carried through to the last building, although details were simplified and refined along the way as a result of use and experience.
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