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WILLAN, K. J. Constitutive models for materials. In: SIMPÓSIO EPUSP SOBRE ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO, 4., 2000, São Paulo. Anais… São Paulo: USP, 2000.
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Abstract

This article addresses constitutive models which describe the response behavior of natural and manufactured materials under different mechanical and environmental conditions. Focus of this overview is the mechanical performance of engineering materials expressed in terms of stress, strain and internal state variables which describe the efect of the previous load history on the current properties. Thereby, the domain of traditional constitutive models encompasses the continuum concepts of elasticity, plasticity, viscosity, and their extension to include thermal and other environmental efects through continuum thermodynamics. The constitutive model introduces or describes the physical properties of a given material. It connects the kinematic with the kinetic descriptions of motion thereby closing the formulation of the initial boundary value problem. In this context it is important to keep in mind the needs of modern computational analysis techniques, such as the nite element method, which demand triaxial constitutive models for realistic model-based simulations. In fact, it is the range of the underlying material models, which delimits the predictive value of large scale simulations nowadays involving thousands of degrees of freedom. In short, our survey will concentrate on continuum-based material formulations which are currently used in engineering practice, in research and education, as well as in commercial nite element software packages Copyright of 2000 by Academic Press. All Rights Reserved CMM-1
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