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PERA, Jean. State of the art report : use of waste materials in construction in Western Europe. In: WORKSHOP RECICLAGEM E REUTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS COMO MATERIAIS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL, 1996, São Paulo. Anais… São Paulo, 1996. p.01-20.
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Abstract

Increasingly environmental and commercial pressures are causing Government Agencies, Local Authorities and Business Ventures to question the practice of dumping waste material. The rising cost of disposal, reduction in industrial activity and clamour for preservation of the natural environment combined with increasing commercial pressure, are promoting a renewed interest in using waste products. Massive quantities of waste materials are produced annually in the major industries of electricity generation and steel production. Each in turn has vast stockpiles of their waste product. Interestingly the major chemical compositions of these combined wastes are similar and each are used to a minor extent in the construction of roads, pavements, cement production and asphalt. There are numerous other producers of waste materials and there is the important source of demolition waste and scalpings from road surfaces under repair. There is mounting concern for the environmental effect of depositing these wastes to spoil heaps or as in-fill to large excavations, specially so in the event of leaching out of certain trace elements. In this paper, the major waste materials are introduced, considered and their utilization reviewed.
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