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ALMEIDA, Maria Cascão Ferreira de. An analysis of cracking behaviour of reinforced concrete. 196pTese (Pós-graduação em Engenharia civil) - Polytechnic of Central London, Faculty of Engineering to the Council for National Academic Awards, Londres,1984.
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Abstract

The problem of tension and flexural cracking in reinforced concrete structures has been studied. The theoretical and experimental bases of design methods proposed by codes of different countries (Brazil, France, Germany, Great Britain, United States and different proposals of CEB/FIP) have been investigated. Their predictions of crack widths and spacings and stress-strain relationships have been compared with the behaviour observed in concrete specimens tested in the laboratories of different countries. The data obtained from a total of one hundred and five tension tests and one hundred and twenty-three flexural tests have been taken into account. This has allowed the analysis of the effects of all variables which according to recent findings have been thought to be of significance. Throughout this study crack widths have been considered both as a function of the steel stresses ss, and as a function of the mean strains em at the levels where crack widths have been measured. With the aid of a computer the data has been assembled in the form of graphs where predicted and experimental behaviour could be compared. The performances of the formulae, for all specimens, have been tabulated in different ways: by authors, various parameters, etc. Such a comprehensive analysis has led to a better understanding of the effects and importance of the different parameters involved in the cracking phenomenon. An important observation has been that none of the formulae studied can be said to represent a general and reliable account of cracking behaviour. However, some are superior to others either in the way of predicting the effects produced by some specific parameters or even in some particular applications. Some improvements have been suggested to the CEB78 formulation. An extremely good agreement has been obtained with the great majority of tension specimens analysed. The necessary improvements to this formulation in order to extend its application to flexural members is a proposal for future development.
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